Are NPUs the Next Big Thing for K–12?

Compared with central processing units (CPUs), which are general-purpose processors for various computational tasks, or graphics processing units (GPUs), which process graphics and large-scale AI model training, “NPUs are built to process AI workloads efficiently and directly on the device, without relying heavily on the cloud,” says Alex Thatcher, senior director of AI experiences and cloud clients for HP.

Why Are Laptops Being Built With NPUs?

Whereas cloud servers or data centers traditionally handle the heavy lifting for AI tasks, laptops are now being built with NPUs to handle AI workloads locally. As AI grows, there is an increased need for “on-device AI.”

“AI workloads, especially those involving natural language processing, computer vision or real-time inference, are computationally intensive,” says Deirdre Quarnstrom, vice president of Microsoft Education. NPUs can handle this.

By comparison, on devices without NPUs, the CPU or integrated GPU is responsible for processing AI features. This results in slower performance, increased power consumption and reduced battery life, particularly for tasks such as live video effects (like background blur or eye contact correction) or real-time language translation. On devices with NPUs, these tasks are carried out faster and more efficiently because the NPU rapidly processes the AI algorithms, freeing up the CPU and the GPU.

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Functions that use AI and are programmed to use the NPU lead to “staggering increases in speed, especially for photo and video editing tools,” Thatcher says. “Devices with NPUs process AI tasks locally, providing faster responses, smoother performance and better protection of sensitive data.”

What Are the Benefits of NPUs?

The benefits of devices with NPUs are many, Thatcher and Quarnstrom say, including extended battery life, improved privacy (because data remains on the device itself), significantly lower power consumption and faster, real-time responsiveness (as there is no reliance on the internet).

Thatcher explains that NPUs “allow laptops to handle AI tasks faster, more securely and more efficiently, making them essential for today’s computing needs.”

PCs equipped with NPUs can also provide contextual assistance for the things students are working on, he adds, “whether it be a math problem, writing style or other challenge.”

Can NPU-Powered Laptops Address AI Requirements?

While NPUs handle the heavy computational tasks, modern laptops built for AI also typically feature high-speed RAM and fast solid-state drive storage, components that are crucial for quickly accessing and manipulating the large data sets that AI models frequently interact with.

“AI requires robust memory, secure data handling and reliable connectivity. Modern AI-ready laptops are built with these needs in mind,” says Quarnstrom.

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Using devices with NPUs, students will have access to necessary resources, even without an internet connection. Microsoft’s recent advancements in NPU technology, such as the Copilot+ PC, highlight this shift. These devices can perform over 40 trillion operations per second and are up to 20 times more powerful and 100 times more efficient for AI workloads than previous models, Quarnstrom says.

Depending on the device, additional features may be available. For example, Microsoft’s Recall feature lets users pick up where they left off, whether that’s a project from last week, one of countless open browser tabs or something briefly viewed, Quarnstrom says. “Recall allows you to retrace your steps in seconds to quickly and securely get back to an app, website, image or document you previously used.”

Why Might Schools Choose to Invest in Laptops With NPUs?

NPU devices offer a range of benefits for schools, including:

• Offline capability. Because on-device AI does not require internet, performing AI tasks on these devices provides greater data privacy. The opportunity for students to use AI tools without an internet connection also promotes equitable access.
• Enhanced learning. AI-powered features support interactive and personalized learning, from content creation tools and adaptive assessments to real-time language translation and accessibility features — things like “live captions with translations, which can be transformative for multilingual or inclusive classrooms and for communication with parents and guardians,” Quarnstrom says.
• Future-ready skills. Students can leverage on-device generative AI for creative writing, coding assistance and image manipulation, which fosters critical thinking and innovation in the classroom. Exposure to AI-accelerated hardware helps students develop digital literacy and other skills that are vital for an increasingly AI-driven workforce.

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What Changes Are Needed to Shift to These Devices?

Even with the benefits of NPU-enabled laptops, there are some considerations for schools.

Thatcher recommends updating device software images because putting an existing software image on an AI PC will not automatically enable most AI features. Districts need to ensure that their existing software is updated to the latest version, as older versions may not allow them to use AI features.

“Schools should still consider their broader IT infrastructure,” Quarnstrom says. “This includes ensuring compatibility with device management tools, updating security policies and providing professional development for educators.” School IT staff need to understand NPU technology and its implications to appropriately handle device management and troubleshooting, and Thatcher and Quarnstrom both recommend providing training for teachers and students through an ongoing rollout. Educators require training to effectively integrate AI-powered tools for educational impact.

Thatcher also advises schools to set clear AI policies and expectations for teachers, students and parents.

By investing in these devices, schools can prepare students for the digital future; provide equitable access to AI-powered tools; and cultivate creativity, collaboration and problem-solving skills.

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